Prosthetic Heart Valve Doppler Reference

Doppler reference values for prosthetic heart valves, based on the January 2024 JASE Guidelines.

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or as median (IQR).

Position

Implant Method

Type

Size (mm)

Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 19.1 ± 8.2
EOA: 1.0 ± 0.3

Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 13.9 ± 6.0
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.5

Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 12.1 ± 5.1
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.5

Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 11.4 ± 4.1
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets

29 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 7.5 ± 3.3
EOA: 2.4 ± 1.1

Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 10.7 ± 4.6
EOA: 1.41 ± 0.24

Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 8.1 ± 3.5
EOA: 1.63 ± 0.29

Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 7.2 ± 2.8
EOA: 1.81 ± 0.30

Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 6.2 ± 2.7
EOA: 2.02 ± 0.32

Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 4.8 ± 2.0
EOA: 2.20 ± 0.20

Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial

29 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 4.7 ± 1.6
EOA: 2.35 ± 0.22

Arbor Surgical Trilogy Bovine pericardial valve on a nitinol frame

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 21 ± 8
Mean Gradient: 11 ± 6
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.2

Arbor Surgical Trilogy Bovine pericardial valve on a nitinol frame

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 15 ± 7
Mean Gradient: 8 ± 4
EOA: 2.0 ± 0.3

ATS Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 47.0 ± 12.6
Mean Gradient: 25.3 ± 8.0
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.3

ATS Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 23.7 ± 6.8
Mean Gradient: 15.9 ± 5.0
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.5

ATS Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 14.4 ± 4.9
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.5

ATS Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 11.3 ± 3.7
EOA: 2.1 ± 0.7

ATS Bileaflet

27 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 8.4 ± 3.7
EOA: 2.5 ± 0.1

ATS Bileaflet

29 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 8.0 ± 3.0
EOA: 3.1 ± 0.8

ATS AP Bileaflet

18 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 21.0 ± 1.8
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.3

ATS AP Bileaflet

20 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 21.4 ± 4.2
Mean Gradient: 11.1 ± 3.5
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.3

ATS AP Bileaflet

22 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 18.7 ± 8.3
Mean Gradient: 10.5 ± 4.5
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.4

ATS AP Bileaflet

24 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 15.1 ± 5.6
Mean Gradient: 7.5 ± 3.1
EOA: 2.0 ± 0.6

ATS AP Bileaflet

26 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 6.0 ± 2.0
EOA: 2.1 ± 0.4

ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 27.0 ± 8.4
Mean Gradient: 15.0 ± 4.6
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.4

ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent

22 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 25.7 ± 10.8
Mean Gradient: 14.5 ± 6.0
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 20.3 ± 7.4
Mean Gradient: 11.4 ± 4.0
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.5

ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent

27 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 16.8 ± 6.3
Mean Gradient: 9.4 ± 3.3
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.5

ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent

29 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 14.3 ± 6.7
Mean Gradient: 7.8 ± 3.8
EOA: 2.4 ± 0.8

Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 32.5 ± 8.5
Mean Gradient: 19.5 ± 5.5
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.2

Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 24.9 ± 7.7
Mean Gradient: 13.8 ± 4.0
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.3

Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 19.9 ± 7.4
Mean Gradient: 11.5 ± 3.9
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.3

Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 16.5 ± 7.8
Mean Gradient: 10.7 ± 3.8
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial

27 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 12.8 ± 5.4
Mean Gradient: 4.8 ± 2.2
EOA: 2.0 ± 0.4

Biocor Stented porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 30.0 ± 10.7
Mean Gradient: 20 ± 6.6
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.3

Biocor Stented porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 23.0 ± 7.9
Mean Gradient: 16 ± 5.1
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.4

Biocor Stented porcine

27 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 22.0 ± 6.5
Mean Gradient: 15.0 ± 3.7
EOA: 2.2 ± 0.4

Extended Biocor Stentless porcine aortic valve cusps mounted in a ring of bovine pericardium

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 17.5 ± 6.5
Mean Gradient: 9.6 ± 3.6
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

Extended Biocor Stentless porcine aortic valve cusps mounted in a ring of bovine pericardium

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 17.5 ± 6.5
Mean Gradient: 9.6 ± 3.6
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

Extended Biocor Stentless porcine aortic valve cusps mounted in a ring of bovine pericardium

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 14.7 ± 7.3
Mean Gradient: 7.7 ± 3.8
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.4

Extended Biocor Stentless porcine aortic valve cusps mounted in a ring of bovine pericardium

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 14.0 ± 4.3
Mean Gradient: 7.4 ± 2.5
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.4

Bioflo Stented bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 37.2 ± 8.8
Mean Gradient: 26.4 ± 5.5
EOA: 0.7 ± 0.1

Bioflo Stented bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 28.7 ± 6.2
Mean Gradient: 18.7 ± 5.5
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.1

Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 38.9 ± 11.9
Mean Gradient: 21.8 ± 3.4
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.3

Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 28.8 ± 11.2
Mean Gradient: 15.7 ± 5.3
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.3

Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 23.7 ± 8.2
Mean Gradient: 13.0 ± 5.0
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.4

Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

27 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 10.0 ± 2.0
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.3

Carbomedics reduced Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 43.4 ± 1.2
Mean Gradient: 24.4 ± 1.2
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.1

Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 38.0 ± 12.8
Mean Gradient: 18.9 ± 8.3
EOA: 1.0 ± 0.3

Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 26.8 ± 10.1
Mean Gradient: 12.9 ± 5.4
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.4

Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 22.5 ± 7.4
Mean Gradient: 11.0 ± 4.6
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.3

Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 19.6 ± 7.8
Mean Gradient: 9.1 ± 3.5
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.4

Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet

27 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 17.5 ± 7.1
Mean Gradient: 7.9 ± 3.2
EOA: 2.2 ± 0.2

Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet

29 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 9.1 ± 4.7
Mean Gradient: 5.6 ± 3.0
EOA: 3.2 ± 1.6

Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 30.2 ± 10.9
Mean Gradient: 14.9 ± 5.4
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.3

Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 24.2 ± 7.6
Mean Gradient: 12.5 ± 4.4
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 9.5 ± 2.9
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.32

Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 32.1 ± 3.4
Mean Gradient: 24.2 ± 8.6
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.3

Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 25.7 ± 9.9
Mean Gradient: 20.3 ± 9.1
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.4

Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 21.7 ± 8.6
Mean Gradient: 13.0 ± 5.3
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.3

Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 16.5 ± 5.4
Mean Gradient: 9.0 ± 2.3

Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 43.5 ± 12.7
Mean Gradient: 25.6 ± 8.0
EOA: 0.9 ± 0.2

Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 27.7 ± 7.6
Mean Gradient: 17.3 ± 6.2
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.3

Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 28.9 ± 7.5
Mean Gradient: 16.1 ± 6.2
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.5

Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 24.0 ± 7.1
Mean Gradient: 12.9 ± 4.6
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.5

Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine

27 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 22.1 ± 8.2
Mean Gradient: 12.1 ± 5.5
EOA: 2.3 ± 0.6

Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine

29 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 9.9 ± 2.9
EOA: 2.8 ± 0.5

Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 34.1 ± 2.7
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.1

Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 28.0 ± 10.5
Mean Gradient: 17.5 ± 3.8
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.9

Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 25.3 ± 10.5
Mean Gradient: 13.4 ± 4.5
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.6

Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 24.4 ± 7.6
Mean Gradient: 13.2 ± 4.8
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.4

Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine

27 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 16.7 ± 4.7
Mean Gradient: 8.8 ± 2.8
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.7

Cryolife Stentless porcine

19 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 9.0 ± 2.0
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.3

Cryolife Stentless porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 6.6 ± 2.9
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.4

Cryolife Stentless porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 6.0 ± 2.3
EOA: 2.3 ± 0.2

Cryolife Stentless porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 6.1 ± 2.6
EOA: 2.6 ± 0.2

Cryolife Stentless porcine

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 4.0 ± 2.4
EOA: 2.8 ± 0.3

Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 39.0 ± 13

Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 32.0 ± 8.0

Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 26.0 ± 10.0

Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet

27 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 24.0 ± 10.0

Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 17.6 ± 7.8
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.2

Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 12.6 ± 4.7
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.3

Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 10.1 ± 3.8
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 9.6 ± 5.2
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.5

Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 8.2 ± 3.5
EOA: 2.2 ± 0.6

Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 13.9 ± 3.9
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.1

Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 11.6 ± 3.6
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.1

Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 10.4 ± 3.5
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.2

Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 9.1 ± 3.2
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.2

Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 8.3 ± 3.7
EOA: 2.2 ± 0.2

Edwards Mira Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 18.2 ± 5.3
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.4

Edwards Mira Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 13.3 ± 4.3
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

Edwards Mira Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 14.7 ± 2.8
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.6

Edwards Mira Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 13.1 ± 3.8
EOA: 1.9

Edwards Mosaic

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 13.3 ± 5.3
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

Edwards Mosaic

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 11.8 ± 4.9
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.5

Edwards Mosaic

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 10.6 ± 4.4
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.5

Edwards Mosaic

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 9.1 ± 4.0
EOA: 2.0 ± 0.5

Edwards Mosaic

29 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 8.6 ± 2.9
EOA: 2.3 ± 0.6

Hancock Stented porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 18.0 ± 6.0
Mean Gradient: 12.0 ± 2.0

Hancock Stented porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 16.0 ± 2.0
Mean Gradient: 11.0 ± 2.0

Hancock Stented porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 15.0 ± 3.0
Mean Gradient: 10.0 ± 3.0

Hancock II Stented porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 14.8 ± 4.1
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.4

Hancock II Stented porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 34.0 ± 13.0
Mean Gradient: 16.6 ± 8.5
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.4

Hancock II Stented porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 22.0 ± 5.3
Mean Gradient: 10.8 ± 2.8
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

Hancock II Stented porcine

29 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 16.2 ± 1.5
Mean Gradient: 8.2 ± 1.7
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.2

Intact Stented porcine

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 40.4 ± 15.4
Mean Gradient: 24.5 ± 9.3

Intact Stented porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 40.9 ± 15.6
Mean Gradient: 19.6 ± 8.1
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

Intact Stented porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 32.7 ± 9.6
Mean Gradient: 19.0 ± 6.1
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

Intact Stented porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 29.7 ± 15.0
Mean Gradient: 17.7 ± 7.9
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.3

Intact Stented porcine

27 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 25.0 ± 7.6
Mean Gradient: 15.0 ± 4.5

Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial

17 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 23.8 ± 3.4
EOA: 0.9 ± 0.1

Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 19.7 ± 5.9
Mean Gradient: 13.3 ± 3.9
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.1

Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 26.6 ± 9.0

Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 15.6 ± 4.4

Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 18.6 ± 5.0
Mean Gradient: 11.8 ± 3.3
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.1

Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 17.5 ± 6.6
Mean Gradient: 8.2 ± 4.5
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.1

Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 14.8 ± 5.2
Mean Gradient: 7.8 ± 2.9
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.2

Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 12.3 ± 3.4
Mean Gradient: 6.8 ± 2.0
EOA: 2.1 ± 0.3

Labcor Synergy Stented porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 24.3 ± 8.1
Mean Gradient: 13.3 ± 4.2
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.3

Labcor Synergy Stented porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 27.3 ± 13.7
Mean Gradient: 15.3 ± 6.9
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

Labcor Synergy Stented porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 22.5 ± 11.9
Mean Gradient: 13.2 ± 6.4
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.4

Labcor Synergy Stented porcine

27 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 17.8 ± 7.0
Mean Gradient: 10.6 ± 4.6
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.5

MCRI On-X Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 21.3 ± 10.8
Mean Gradient: 11.8 ± 3.4
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.2

MCRI On-X Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 16.4 ± 5.9
Mean Gradient: 9.9 ± 3.6
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.4

MCRI On-X Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 15.9 ± 6.4
Mean Gradient: 8.6 ± 3.4
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.6

MCRI On-X Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 16.5 ± 10.2
Mean Gradient: 6.9 ± 4.3
EOA: 2.4 ± 0.6

Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 10.4 ± 3.1
EOA: 2.2 ± 0.3

Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 9.0 ± 3.7
EOA: 2.8 ± 0.6

Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet

27 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 7.6 ± 3.6
EOA: 3.3 ± 0.7

Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet

29 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 6.1 ± 3.8
EOA: 3.9 ± 0.7

Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 17.1 ± 5.0
EOA: 1.11 ± 0.25

Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 14.5 ± 4.3
EOA: 1.25 ± 0.25

Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 12.1 ± 3.8
EOA: 1.47 ± 0.32

Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 11.7 ± 4.0
EOA: 1.57 ± 0.31

Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 10.3 ± 4.2
EOA: 1.77 ± 0.41

Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine

19 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 13.0 ± 3.9

Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 9.1 ± 5.1
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.3

Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 11.0 ± 4.0
Mean Gradient: 8.1 ± 4.6
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.5

Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 5.3 ± 3.1
EOA: 2.1 ± 0.5

Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 4.6 ± 3.1
EOA: 2.5 ± 0.1

Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk

20 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 34.4 ± 13.1
Mean Gradient: 17.1 ± 5.3
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.5

Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 26.9 ± 10.5
Mean Gradient: 14.1 ± 5.9
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.2

Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 26.9 ± 8.9
Mean Gradient: 13.5 ± 4.8
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 17.1 ± 7.0
Mean Gradient: 9.5 ± 4.3
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.5

Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk

27 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 18.9 ± 9.7
Mean Gradient: 8.7 ± 5.6
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.2

Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 14.2 ± 5.0
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 23.8 ± 11.0
Mean Gradient: 13.7 ± 4.8
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.4

Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 22.5 ± 10.0
Mean Gradient: 11.7 ± 5.1
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.5

Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 10.4 ± 4.3
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.1

Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine

29 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 11.1 ± 4.3
EOA: 2.1 ± 0.2

Mitroflow Stented bovine pericardial

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 18.6 ± 5.3
Mean Gradient: 13.1 ± 3.3
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.2

Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

19 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 27.4 ± 8.8

Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 27.5 ± 3.1
Mean Gradient: 20.5 ± 6.2

Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 20.3 ± 0.7
Mean Gradient: 17.4 ± 6.4

Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

25 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 16.1 ± 4.9

Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk

27 mm

Mechanical

Mean Gradient: 11.4 ± 3.8

Prima Stentless porcine

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 28.8 ± 6.0
Mean Gradient: 13.7 ± 1.9
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.7

Prima Stentless porcine

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 21.5 ± 7.5
Mean Gradient: 11.5 ± 4.9
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.3

Prima Stentless porcine

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 22.1 ± 12.5
Mean Gradient: 11.6 ± 7.2
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.5

Omnicarbon Single tilting disk

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 37.4 ± 12.8
Mean Gradient: 20.4 ± 5.4
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.5

Omnicarbon Single tilting disk

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 28.8 ± 9.1
Mean Gradient: 17.4 ± 4.9
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.3

Omnicarbon Single tilting disk

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 23.7 ± 8.1
Mean Gradient: 13.2 ± 4.6
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.5

Omnicarbon Single tilting disk

27 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 20.1 ± 4.2
Mean Gradient: 12.4 ± 2.9
EOA: 2.1 ± 0.4

Omniscience Single tilting disk

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 50.8 ± 2.8
Mean Gradient: 28.2 ± 2.2
EOA: 0.9 ± 0.1

Omniscience Single tilting disk

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 39.8 ± 8.7
Mean Gradient: 20.1 ± 5.1
EOA: 1.0 ± 0.1

Starr-Edwards Caged ball

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 32.6 ± 12.8
Mean Gradient: 22.0 ± 9.0
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.2

Starr-Edwards Caged ball

24 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 34.1 ± 10.3
Mean Gradient: 22.1 ± 7.5
EOA: 1.1 ± 0.3

Starr-Edwards Caged ball

26 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 31.8 ± 9.0
Mean Gradient: 19.7 ± 6.1

Starr-Edwards Caged ball

27 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 30.8 ± 6.3
Mean Gradient: 18.5 ± 3.7

Starr-Edwards Caged ball

29 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 29.0 ± 9.3
Mean Gradient: 16.3 ± 5.5

Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 30.1 ± 4.5
Mean Gradient: 16.7 ± 2.0
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.1

Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 22.0 ± 7.1
Mean Gradient: 10.0 ± 3.3
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.4

Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 16.8 ± 6.1
Mean Gradient: 7.7 ± 3.3
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.2

Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 11.2 ± 3.1
Mean Gradient: 5.6 ± 1.6
EOA: 2.4 ± 0.3

Sorin Pericarbon Stentless

19 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 36.5 ± 9.0
Mean Gradient: 28.9 ± 7.3
EOA: 1.2 ± 0.5

Sorin Pericarbon Stentless

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 28.0 ± 13.3
Mean Gradient: 23.8 ± 11.1
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.6

Sorin Pericarbon Stentless

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 27.5 ± 11.5
Mean Gradient: 23.2 ± 7.6
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.5

Sorin Perceval Sutureless (S)

21 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 10.1 ± 4.2
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.3

Sorin Perceval Sutureless (M)

23 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 9.4 ± 5.5
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.4

Sorin Perceval Sutureless (L)

25 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 8.5 ± 4.6
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.4

Sorin Perceval Sutureless (XL)

27 mm

Tissue

Mean Gradient: 9.7 ± 4.7
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 28.5 ± 10.7
Mean Gradient: 17.0 ± 7.8
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.1

St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 16.3 ± 17.0
Mean Gradient: 10.6 ± 5.1
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.5

St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 16.8 ± 7.3
Mean Gradient: 12.1 ± 4.2
EOA: 1.7 ± 0.5

St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 20.6 ± 12
Mean Gradient: 11.0 ± 4.9
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 15.6 ± 9.4
Mean Gradient: 8.0 ± 4.8
EOA: 2.0 ± 0.7

St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 12.8 ± 6.8
Mean Gradient: 6.9 ± 3.5
EOA: 2.3 ± 0.9

St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 11.7 ± 6.8
Mean Gradient: 5.6 ± 3.2
EOA: 2.5 ± 0.8

St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet

27 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 7.9 ± 5.5
Mean Gradient: 3.5 ± 1.7
EOA: 3.6 ± 0.5

St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet

19 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 42.0 ± 10.0
Mean Gradient: 24.5 ± 5.8
EOA: 1.5 ± 0.1

St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet

21 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 25.7 ± 9.5
Mean Gradient: 15.2 ± 5.0
EOA: 1.4 ± 0.4

St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet

23 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 21.8 ± 7.5
Mean Gradient: 13.4 ± 5.6
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.4

St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet

25 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 18.9 ± 7.3
Mean Gradient: 11.0 ± 5.3
EOA: 1.9 ± 0.5

St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet

27 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 13.7 ± 4.2
Mean Gradient: 8.4 ± 3.4
EOA: 2.5 ± 0.4

St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet

29 mm

Mechanical

Peak Gradient: 13.5 ± 5.8
Mean Gradient: 7.0 ± 1.7
EOA: 2.8 ± 0.5

St. Jude Medical Stentless

21 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 22.6 ± 14.5
Mean Gradient: 10.7 ± 7.2
EOA: 1.3 ± 0.6

St. Jude Medical Stentless

23 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 16.2 ± 9.0
Mean Gradient: 8.2 ± 4.7
EOA: 1.6 ± 0.6

St. Jude Medical Stentless

25 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 12.7 ± 8.2
Mean Gradient: 6.3 ± 4.1
EOA: 1.8 ± 0.5

St. Jude Medical Stentless

27 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 10.1 ± 5.8
Mean Gradient: 5.0 ± 2.9
EOA: 2.0 ± 0.3

St. Jude Medical Stentless

29 mm

Tissue

Peak Gradient: 7.7 ± 4.4
Mean Gradient: 4.1 ± 2.4
EOA: 2.4 ± 0.6

Valve	Size (mm)	Type	Peak Gradient	Mean Gradient	EOA
Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets	21	Tissue	not available	19.1 ± 8.2	1.0 ± 0.3
Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets	23	Tissue	not available	13.9 ± 6.0	1.4 ± 0.5
Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets	25	Tissue	not available	12.1 ± 5.1	1.5 ± 0.5
Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets	27	Tissue	not available	11.4 ± 4.1	1.6 ± 0.4
Abbott Epic Stented porcine leaflets	29	Tissue	not available	7.5 ± 3.3	2.4 ± 1.1
Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	not available	10.7 ± 4.6	1.41 ± 0.24
Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	not available	8.1 ± 3.5	1.63 ± 0.29
Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial	23	Tissue	not available	7.2 ± 2.8	1.81 ± 0.30
Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial	25	Tissue	not available	6.2 ± 2.7	2.02 ± 0.32
Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial	27	Tissue	not available	4.8 ± 2.0	2.20 ± 0.20
Abbott Trifecta Stented bovine pericardial	29	Tissue	not available	4.7 ± 1.6	2.35 ± 0.22
Arbor Surgical Trilogy Bovine pericardial valve on a nitinol frame	21	Tissue	21 ± 8	11 ± 6	1.9 ± 0.2
Arbor Surgical Trilogy Bovine pericardial valve on a nitinol frame	23	Tissue	15 ± 7	8 ± 4	2.0 ± 0.3
ATS Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	47.0 ± 12.6	25.3 ± 8.0	1.1 ± 0.3
ATS Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	23.7 ± 6.8	15.9 ± 5.0	1.4 ± 0.5
ATS Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	not available	14.4 ± 4.9	1.7 ± 0.5
ATS Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	not available	11.3 ± 3.7	2.1 ± 0.7
ATS Bileaflet	27	Mechanical	not available	8.4 ± 3.7	2.5 ± 0.1
ATS Bileaflet	29	Mechanical	not available	8.0 ± 3.0	3.1 ± 0.8
ATS AP Bileaflet	18	Mechanical	not available	21.0 ± 1.8	1.2 ± 0.3
ATS AP Bileaflet	20	Mechanical	21.4 ± 4.2	11.1 ± 3.5	1.3 ± 0.3
ATS AP Bileaflet	22	Mechanical	18.7 ± 8.3	10.5 ± 4.5	1.7 ± 0.4
ATS AP Bileaflet	24	Mechanical	15.1 ± 5.6	7.5 ± 3.1	2.0 ± 0.6
ATS AP Bileaflet	26	Mechanical	not available	6.0 ± 2.0	2.1 ± 0.4
ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent	21	Tissue	27.0 ± 8.4	15.0 ± 4.6	1.1 ± 0.4
ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent	22	Tissue	25.7 ± 10.8	14.5 ± 6.0	1.4 ± 0.4
ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent	25	Tissue	20.3 ± 7.4	11.4 ± 4.0	1.6 ± 0.5
ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent	27	Tissue	16.8 ± 6.3	9.4 ± 3.3	1.9 ± 0.5
ATS 3F Enable equine pericardium mounted on a Nitinol stent	29	Tissue	14.3 ± 6.7	7.8 ± 3.8	2.4 ± 0.8
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	32.5 ± 8.5	19.5 ± 5.5	1.3 ± 0.2
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	24.9 ± 7.7	13.8 ± 4.0	1.3 ± 0.3
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial	23	Tissue	19.9 ± 7.4	11.5 ± 3.9	1.6 ± 0.3
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial	25	Tissue	16.5 ± 7.8	10.7 ± 3.8	1.6 ± 0.4
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial	27	Tissue	12.8 ± 5.4	4.8 ± 2.2	2.0 ± 0.4
Biocor Stented porcine	23	Tissue	30.0 ± 10.7	20 ± 6.6	1.3 ± 0.3
Biocor Stented porcine	25	Tissue	23.0 ± 7.9	16 ± 5.1	1.7 ± 0.4
Biocor Stented porcine	27	Tissue	22.0 ± 6.5	15.0 ± 3.7	2.2 ± 0.4
Extended Biocor Stentless porcine aortic valve cusps mounted in a ring of bovine pericardium	19	Tissue	17.5 ± 6.5	9.6 ± 3.6	1.4 ± 0.4
Extended Biocor Stentless porcine aortic valve cusps mounted in a ring of bovine pericardium	21	Tissue	17.5 ± 6.5	9.6 ± 3.6	1.4 ± 0.4
Extended Biocor Stentless porcine aortic valve cusps mounted in a ring of bovine pericardium	23	Tissue	14.7 ± 7.3	7.7 ± 3.8	1.7 ± 0.4
Extended Biocor Stentless porcine aortic valve cusps mounted in a ring of bovine pericardium	25	Tissue	14.0 ± 4.3	7.4 ± 2.5	1.8 ± 0.4
Bioflo Stented bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	37.2 ± 8.8	26.4 ± 5.5	0.7 ± 0.1
Bioflo Stented bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	28.7 ± 6.2	18.7 ± 5.5	1.1 ± 0.1
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	21	Mechanical	38.9 ± 11.9	21.8 ± 3.4	1.1 ± 0.3
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	23	Mechanical	28.8 ± 11.2	15.7 ± 5.3	1.3 ± 0.3
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	25	Mechanical	23.7 ± 8.2	13.0 ± 5.0	1.5 ± 0.4
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	27	Mechanical	not available	10.0 ± 2.0	1.6 ± 0.3
Carbomedics reduced Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	43.4 ± 1.2	24.4 ± 1.2	1.2 ± 0.1
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	38.0 ± 12.8	18.9 ± 8.3	1.0 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	26.8 ± 10.1	12.9 ± 5.4	1.5 ± 0.4
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	22.5 ± 7.4	11.0 ± 4.6	1.4 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	19.6 ± 7.8	9.1 ± 3.5	1.8 ± 0.4
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet	27	Mechanical	17.5 ± 7.1	7.9 ± 3.2	2.2 ± 0.2
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet	29	Mechanical	9.1 ± 4.7	5.6 ± 3.0	3.2 ± 1.6
Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	30.2 ± 10.9	14.9 ± 5.4	1.2 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	24.2 ± 7.6	12.5 ± 4.4	1.4 ± 0.4
Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	not available	9.5 ± 2.9	1.6 ± 0.32
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	32.1 ± 3.4	24.2 ± 8.6	1.2 ± 0.3
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	25.7 ± 9.9	20.3 ± 9.1	1.5 ± 0.4
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial	23	Tissue	21.7 ± 8.6	13.0 ± 5.3	1.8 ± 0.3
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial	25	Tissue	16.5 ± 5.4	9.0 ± 2.3	not available
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine	19	Tissue	43.5 ± 12.7	25.6 ± 8.0	0.9 ± 0.2
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine	21	Tissue	27.7 ± 7.6	17.3 ± 6.2	1.5 ± 0.3
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine	23	Tissue	28.9 ± 7.5	16.1 ± 6.2	1.7 ± 0.5
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine	25	Tissue	24.0 ± 7.1	12.9 ± 4.6	1.9 ± 0.5
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine	27	Tissue	22.1 ± 8.2	12.1 ± 5.5	2.3 ± 0.6
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine	29	Tissue	not available	9.9 ± 2.9	2.8 ± 0.5
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine	19	Tissue	34.1 ± 2.7	not available	1.1 ± 0.1
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine	21	Tissue	28.0 ± 10.5	17.5 ± 3.8	1.4 ± 0.9
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine	23	Tissue	25.3 ± 10.5	13.4 ± 4.5	1.6 ± 0.6
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine	25	Tissue	24.4 ± 7.6	13.2 ± 4.8	1.8 ± 0.4
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine	27	Tissue	16.7 ± 4.7	8.8 ± 2.8	1.9 ± 0.7
Cryolife Stentless porcine	19	Tissue	not available	9.0 ± 2.0	1.5 ± 0.3
Cryolife Stentless porcine	21	Tissue	not available	6.6 ± 2.9	1.7 ± 0.4
Cryolife Stentless porcine	23	Tissue	not available	6.0 ± 2.3	2.3 ± 0.2
Cryolife Stentless porcine	25	Tissue	not available	6.1 ± 2.6	2.6 ± 0.2
Cryolife Stentless porcine	27	Tissue	not available	4.0 ± 2.4	2.8 ± 0.3
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	39.0 ± 13	not available	not available
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	32.0 ± 8.0	not available	not available
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	26.0 ± 10.0	not available	not available
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet	27	Mechanical	24.0 ± 10.0	not available	not available
Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	not available	17.6 ± 7.8	1.1 ± 0.2
Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	not available	12.6 ± 4.7	1.3 ± 0.3
Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial	23	Tissue	not available	10.1 ± 3.8	1.6 ± 0.4
Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial	25	Tissue	not available	9.6 ± 5.2	1.8 ± 0.5
Edwards Inspiris Resilia Treated bovine pericardial	27	Tissue	not available	8.2 ± 3.5	2.2 ± 0.6
Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	not available	13.9 ± 3.9	1.1 ± 0.1
Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	not available	11.6 ± 3.6	1.3 ± 0.1
Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial	23	Tissue	not available	10.4 ± 3.5	1.7 ± 0.2
Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial	25	Tissue	not available	9.1 ± 3.2	1.9 ± 0.2
Edwards Intuity Bovine pericardial	27	Tissue	not available	8.3 ± 3.7	2.2 ± 0.2
Edwards Mira Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	not available	18.2 ± 5.3	1.2 ± 0.4
Edwards Mira Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	not available	13.3 ± 4.3	1.6 ± 0.4
Edwards Mira Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	not available	14.7 ± 2.8	1.6 ± 0.6
Edwards Mira Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	not available	13.1 ± 3.8	1.9
Edwards Mosaic	21	Tissue	not available	13.3 ± 5.3	1.4 ± 0.4
Edwards Mosaic	23	Tissue	not available	11.8 ± 4.9	1.6 ± 0.5
Edwards Mosaic	25	Tissue	not available	10.6 ± 4.4	1.8 ± 0.5
Edwards Mosaic	27	Tissue	not available	9.1 ± 4.0	2.0 ± 0.5
Edwards Mosaic	29	Tissue	not available	8.6 ± 2.9	2.3 ± 0.6
Hancock Stented porcine	21	Tissue	18.0 ± 6.0	12.0 ± 2.0	not available
Hancock Stented porcine	23	Tissue	16.0 ± 2.0	11.0 ± 2.0	not available
Hancock Stented porcine	25	Tissue	15.0 ± 3.0	10.0 ± 3.0	not available
Hancock II Stented porcine	21	Tissue	not available	14.8 ± 4.1	1.3 ± 0.4
Hancock II Stented porcine	23	Tissue	34.0 ± 13.0	16.6 ± 8.5	1.3 ± 0.4
Hancock II Stented porcine	25	Tissue	22.0 ± 5.3	10.8 ± 2.8	1.6 ± 0.4
Hancock II Stented porcine	29	Tissue	16.2 ± 1.5	8.2 ± 1.7	1.6 ± 0.2
Intact Stented porcine	19	Tissue	40.4 ± 15.4	24.5 ± 9.3	not available
Intact Stented porcine	21	Tissue	40.9 ± 15.6	19.6 ± 8.1	1.6 ± 0.4
Intact Stented porcine	23	Tissue	32.7 ± 9.6	19.0 ± 6.1	1.6 ± 0.4
Intact Stented porcine	25	Tissue	29.7 ± 15.0	17.7 ± 7.9	1.7 ± 0.3
Intact Stented porcine	27	Tissue	25.0 ± 7.6	15.0 ± 4.5	not available
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial	17	Tissue	23.8 ± 3.4	not available	0.9 ± 0.1
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	19.7 ± 5.9	13.3 ± 3.9	1.1 ± 0.1
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	26.6 ± 9.0	not available	not available
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial	23	Tissue	not available	15.6 ± 4.4	not available
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	18.6 ± 5.0	11.8 ± 3.3	1.2 ± 0.1
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	17.5 ± 6.6	8.2 ± 4.5	1.3 ± 0.1
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial	23	Tissue	14.8 ± 5.2	7.8 ± 2.9	1.8 ± 0.2
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial	25	Tissue	12.3 ± 3.4	6.8 ± 2.0	2.1 ± 0.3
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine	21	Tissue	24.3 ± 8.1	13.3 ± 4.2	1.1 ± 0.3
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine	23	Tissue	27.3 ± 13.7	15.3 ± 6.9	1.4 ± 0.4
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine	25	Tissue	22.5 ± 11.9	13.2 ± 6.4	1.5 ± 0.4
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine	27	Tissue	17.8 ± 7.0	10.6 ± 4.6	1.8 ± 0.5
MCRI On-X Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	21.3 ± 10.8	11.8 ± 3.4	1.5 ± 0.2
MCRI On-X Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	16.4 ± 5.9	9.9 ± 3.6	1.7 ± 0.4
MCRI On-X Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	15.9 ± 6.4	8.6 ± 3.4	1.9 ± 0.6
MCRI On-X Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	16.5 ± 10.2	6.9 ± 4.3	2.4 ± 0.6
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	not available	10.4 ± 3.1	2.2 ± 0.3
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	not available	9.0 ± 3.7	2.8 ± 0.6
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet	27	Mechanical	not available	7.6 ± 3.6	3.3 ± 0.7
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet	29	Mechanical	not available	6.1 ± 3.8	3.9 ± 0.7
Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	not available	17.1 ± 5.0	1.11 ± 0.25
Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial	21	Tissue	not available	14.5 ± 4.3	1.25 ± 0.25
Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial	23	Tissue	not available	12.1 ± 3.8	1.47 ± 0.32
Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial	25	Tissue	not available	11.7 ± 4.0	1.57 ± 0.31
Medtronic Avalus Bovine pericardial	27	Tissue	not available	10.3 ± 4.2	1.77 ± 0.41
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine	19	Tissue	not available	13.0 ± 3.9	not available
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine	21	Tissue	not available	9.1 ± 5.1	1.4 ± 0.3
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine	23	Tissue	11.0 ± 4.0	8.1 ± 4.6	1.7 ± 0.5
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine	25	Tissue	not available	5.3 ± 3.1	2.1 ± 0.5
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless porcine	27	Tissue	not available	4.6 ± 3.1	2.5 ± 0.1
Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk	20	Mechanical	34.4 ± 13.1	17.1 ± 5.3	1.2 ± 0.5
Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk	21	Mechanical	26.9 ± 10.5	14.1 ± 5.9	1.1 ± 0.2
Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk	23	Mechanical	26.9 ± 8.9	13.5 ± 4.8	1.4 ± 0.4
Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk	25	Mechanical	17.1 ± 7.0	9.5 ± 4.3	1.5 ± 0.5
Medtronic-Hall Single tilting disk	27	Mechanical	18.9 ± 9.7	8.7 ± 5.6	1.9 ± 0.2
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine	21	Tissue	not available	14.2 ± 5.0	1.4 ± 0.4
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine	23	Tissue	23.8 ± 11.0	13.7 ± 4.8	1.5 ± 0.4
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine	25	Tissue	22.5 ± 10.0	11.7 ± 5.1	1.8 ± 0.5
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine	27	Tissue	not available	10.4 ± 4.3	1.9 ± 0.1
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine	29	Tissue	not available	11.1 ± 4.3	2.1 ± 0.2
Mitroflow Stented bovine pericardial	19	Tissue	18.6 ± 5.3	13.1 ± 3.3	1.1 ± 0.2
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	19	Mechanical	not available	27.4 ± 8.8	not available
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	21	Mechanical	27.5 ± 3.1	20.5 ± 6.2	not available
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	23	Mechanical	20.3 ± 0.7	17.4 ± 6.4	not available
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	25	Mechanical	not available	16.1 ± 4.9	not available
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disk	27	Mechanical	not available	11.4 ± 3.8	not available
Prima Stentless porcine	21	Tissue	28.8 ± 6.0	13.7 ± 1.9	1.4 ± 0.7
Prima Stentless porcine	23	Tissue	21.5 ± 7.5	11.5 ± 4.9	1.5 ± 0.3
Prima Stentless porcine	25	Tissue	22.1 ± 12.5	11.6 ± 7.2	1.8 ± 0.5
Omnicarbon Single tilting disk	21	Mechanical	37.4 ± 12.8	20.4 ± 5.4	1.3 ± 0.5
Omnicarbon Single tilting disk	23	Mechanical	28.8 ± 9.1	17.4 ± 4.9	1.5 ± 0.3
Omnicarbon Single tilting disk	25	Mechanical	23.7 ± 8.1	13.2 ± 4.6	1.9 ± 0.5
Omnicarbon Single tilting disk	27	Mechanical	20.1 ± 4.2	12.4 ± 2.9	2.1 ± 0.4
Omniscience Single tilting disk	21	Mechanical	50.8 ± 2.8	28.2 ± 2.2	0.9 ± 0.1
Omniscience Single tilting disk	23	Mechanical	39.8 ± 8.7	20.1 ± 5.1	1.0 ± 0.1
Starr-Edwards Caged ball	23	Mechanical	32.6 ± 12.8	22.0 ± 9.0	1.1 ± 0.2
Starr-Edwards Caged ball	24	Mechanical	34.1 ± 10.3	22.1 ± 7.5	1.1 ± 0.3
Starr-Edwards Caged ball	26	Mechanical	31.8 ± 9.0	19.7 ± 6.1	not available
Starr-Edwards Caged ball	27	Mechanical	30.8 ± 6.3	18.5 ± 3.7	not available
Starr-Edwards Caged ball	29	Mechanical	29.0 ± 9.3	16.3 ± 5.5	not available
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	30.1 ± 4.5	16.7 ± 2.0	1.4 ± 0.1
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	22.0 ± 7.1	10.0 ± 3.3	1.2 ± 0.4
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	16.8 ± 6.1	7.7 ± 3.3	1.5 ± 0.2
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	11.2 ± 3.1	5.6 ± 1.6	2.4 ± 0.3
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless	19	Tissue	36.5 ± 9.0	28.9 ± 7.3	1.2 ± 0.5
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless	21	Tissue	28.0 ± 13.3	23.8 ± 11.1	1.3 ± 0.6
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless	23	Tissue	27.5 ± 11.5	23.2 ± 7.6	1.5 ± 0.5
Sorin Perceval Sutureless (S)	21	Tissue	not available	10.1 ± 4.2	1.3 ± 0.3
Sorin Perceval Sutureless (M)	23	Tissue	not available	9.4 ± 5.5	1.5 ± 0.4
Sorin Perceval Sutureless (L)	25	Tissue	not available	8.5 ± 4.6	1.5 ± 0.4
Sorin Perceval Sutureless (XL)	27	Tissue	not available	9.7 ± 4.7	1.6 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	28.5 ± 10.7	17.0 ± 7.8	1.9 ± 0.1
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	16.3 ± 17.0	10.6 ± 5.1	1.8 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	16.8 ± 7.3	12.1 ± 4.2	1.7 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	20.6 ± 12	11.0 ± 4.9	1.6 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	15.6 ± 9.4	8.0 ± 4.8	2.0 ± 0.7
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	12.8 ± 6.8	6.9 ± 3.5	2.3 ± 0.9
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	11.7 ± 6.8	5.6 ± 3.2	2.5 ± 0.8
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet	27	Mechanical	7.9 ± 5.5	3.5 ± 1.7	3.6 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet	19	Mechanical	42.0 ± 10.0	24.5 ± 5.8	1.5 ± 0.1
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet	21	Mechanical	25.7 ± 9.5	15.2 ± 5.0	1.4 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet	23	Mechanical	21.8 ± 7.5	13.4 ± 5.6	1.6 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet	25	Mechanical	18.9 ± 7.3	11.0 ± 5.3	1.9 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet	27	Mechanical	13.7 ± 4.2	8.4 ± 3.4	2.5 ± 0.4
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet	29	Mechanical	13.5 ± 5.8	7.0 ± 1.7	2.8 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Stentless	21	Tissue	22.6 ± 14.5	10.7 ± 7.2	1.3 ± 0.6
St. Jude Medical Stentless	23	Tissue	16.2 ± 9.0	8.2 ± 4.7	1.6 ± 0.6
St. Jude Medical Stentless	25	Tissue	12.7 ± 8.2	6.3 ± 4.1	1.8 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Stentless	27	Tissue	10.1 ± 5.8	5.0 ± 2.9	2.0 ± 0.3
St. Jude Medical Stentless	29	Tissue	7.7 ± 4.4	4.1 ± 2.4	2.4 ± 0.6

Showing 202 results

Dan Dyar, MA, ACS, RDCS, FASE

Last updated: November 17 2024